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Writing a Proposal (type: Solutions to Problems / Problem-solving), by michelle (2008, rev. 2013)
I'm using the assignment of Writing a Proposal to learn about the kind of text of proposals, how I should organize its content, the kind of language I need to use for that. This is also useful for Reports! Compare!
1. Considering the assignment, I brainstorm for ideas: what's the "problem"? What can I do? Then I select and order my ideas.
2. Considering the meaning of this text, a proposal, I brainstorm on language items I need to use:
- A proposal is some plan for a FUTURE project: time/tenses: presents (analysis of "problem"), Hypothetical language, "would", "could", "might"... (gains from doing that).
- Use formal language, but don't abuse passives. It's a practical text!
3. Type of text: proposals can be found in different formats: a letter, memorandum (memo) or report
*Pick the report, if nothing is mentioned. Remember to use headings (Background Information / Introduction / (Nothing)...) NB: But don't use the heading Introduction if your intro is 3 lines because of a word limit. It's obvious it's the intro.
4. Outline – Organization of content
1. Beginning: State the problem (the mission!)
2. Suggest your ideas - not many, well-explained: idea + justification/explanation.
3. Needs - ask for what you need to implement those ideas
4. Ending: wrap things up!
We can adapt it to the assignment. For instance,
1. Aim of proposal
2. Proposal idea 1 + justification, 2 + , 3 +.
3. Assessment (Informed Opinion)
5. Gathering Useful Language (for Reports and Proposals) from Reports and Proposals I find
- As requested, I am submitting this proposal concerning...
- This proposal intends to address the problem of... / to tackle the issue of...
- The purpose/intention/aim of this proposal/report is to outline / present [prisént]/ discuss / suggest...
- The report contains the relevant details concerning the problem of ...
- It is based on a survey conducted.../ observations/extracts from the questionnaries / the feedback given by participants at...
- To begin with...
- Considering...
- Judging by ... (some fact), (something, someone + (modal) + verb)...
- Furthermore... / Moreover...
- What we also need to consider is...
- A good example of this would be...
- This is due to / This can be attributed to...
- There's another factor as well...
- Apart from this / that...
- This / (...) would result in the betterment/improvement of...
- This / (...) could be used for the betterment...
- I suggest ... as it would result in...
- Consideration should be given to...
- It would be advisable [adváisabl]/ desirable/ prudent/inadvisable/unadvisable/unwise/unfitting to ... on the grounds that it / owing to the fact that / due to the fact that...
- I am opposed to the idea of...
- It would be mutually advantageous...
- I suggest that the problem of... can be addressed through...
- Therefore...
- For the satisfaction of..., the ... should be...
- Another problem was/is that...
- I would strongly recommend...
- More steps also need to be taken to...
- ... is a separate issue.
- Moving on to ...
- Taking everything into account ...
- (This) would certainly prevent (people/events) from (-ing verb)
- (This) would undoubtedly encourage (participation/people to do something...)
- It is my belief.../ I am of the opinion that ...
- I am convinced that ... / I am inclined to believe that ...
- This measure would have obvious advantages / The advantages of this measure are obvious. First, ...
- However, we should also keep in mind possible drawbacks...
- On the other hand, disadvantages should not be underestimated.
- A strong point in favo(u)r of ... is that ...
- The obvious conclusion to be drawn from these facts is that...
- I hope / believe / trust you will consider this proposal favo(u)rably / the proposal will be given due consideration